石渠寶笈續編(寧壽宮),第六冊,頁3061 &*故宮書畫錄(卷八),第四冊,頁129 &*故宮書畫圖錄,第十四冊,頁23-24&*郎世寧(西元一六八八-一七六六年),意大利人。十九歲時,入天主教耶穌會為修士。曾習油畫,兼習建築。二十七歲來華傳教,以繪事供奉內廷。歷仕康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝。畫法參酌中西,善畫人物花鳥,尤擅犬馬。乾隆時,邊疆藩臣進貢良馬一批,郎氏奉敕寫生。幅中的駿馬為「紅玉座」,郎氏在中國傳統畫法中,加入西洋光影透視法,色彩穠艷。駿馬的尺寸大小又與真馬近似,生動逼真。&* Lang Shih-ning is the Chinese name of Giuseppe Castiglione, an Italian who became a Jesuit novitiate at the age of 19. At 27, he arrived in China for missionary work, but he also eventually served the courts of the K’ang-hsi, Yung-cheng, and Ch’ien-lung emperors as a painter. He excelled at figures, birds-and-flowers, and especially dogs and horses. In the Ch’ien-lung reign, the Ch’ing court received a set of tribute steeds from western border tribes and Castiglione was commissioned to paint them from life. In this 1748 painting of one of them known as Red Jade Throne, he introduced Western methods of shading and perspective to traditional Chinese painting techniques for a colorful yet realistic portrait enhanced by its near-lifelike size. &*1.韓北新,〈郎世寧繪畫繫年(二)〉,《故宮文物月刊》,第68期(1988年11月),頁131。