故宮書畫錄(卷八),第四冊,頁180&*故宮書畫圖錄,第十二冊,頁243-244&*清張若澄畫撤圍待圍合圍罷圍 張若澄,字鏡堅,一字鍊雪,若靄之弟,安徽桐城人,乾隆乙丑(一七四五)進士。善山水,並工花鳥。 清高宗沿聖祖之習,每年七、八月間,率滿蒙王公至木蘭(承德市北之圍場縣)行獵。乾隆壬申(一七五二)高宗有行圍四詠,命張若澄圖繪其事。左題分畫四幅: 撤圍,蓋獵前布圍,分路合驅野獸,以便狩獵。 待圍,撤圍既畢,主獵者待禽獸之驅集。 合圍,兩旗既合,禽獸齊集,射飛逐走,以成狩獵。 罷圍,行獵既畢,豐獲而歸。 &*Hunting Scenes Chang Jo-‘eng (fl.1745-1759) Ch’ing dynasty Chang Jo-ch’eng tzu Ching-chien, Ching-ho, Lien-hsüeh; a native of T’ung-ch’eng, An-hui province, was a younger brother of Chang Jo-ai. He received the chin-shih degree in 1745. A particularily skilled painter of plum blossoms, he was also known as a painter of birds and animals. During the 7th and 8th lunar months of every year, Ch’ing emperors usually lead the Mongolian and Manchurian princes, nobles, and high officials to Mu-lan (Wei-ch’ang, north of Ch’eng-te, in Jeh-ho province) hunting ground for field sports. The practice was established by the K’ang-hsi Emperor; whose grandson, the Ch’ien-lung Emperor, was a faithful follower. The latter wrote, in the 17th year (1752) of his reign, four poems describing the hunt. These four hanging scrolls by Chang Jo-ch’eng were painted to depict what the poems said. The first scroll presents the scour: numerous hunters depart into the depth of mountains to drive out wild animals toward the center of the hunting area. The second scroll portrays, in central hunting area, the Emperor and the attendant princes and nobles stand by ready and alert. The third scroll depicts the climax of hectic chase and kill. The fourth scroll closes the event with abundant spoils.