石渠寶笈續編(寧壽宮),第六冊,頁3052-3053&*故宮書畫錄(卷四),第二冊,頁286-288&*故宮書畫圖錄,第二十一冊,頁183-186&*1.林莉娜,〈郎世寧畫愛烏罕四駿〉,收入馮明珠主編,《乾隆皇帝的文化事業》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,2002年初版一刷),頁131。 2.林柏亭、張華芝,〈清郎世寧畫愛烏罕四駿〉,收入林柏亭、張華芝編,《畫馬名品特展圖錄》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1990年元月初版),頁103-104。 3.林莉娜,〈乾隆皇帝的文化大業 清郎世寧畫愛烏罕四駿〉,《故宮文物月刊》,第236期(2002年11月),頁22-23。 &* 郎世寧(西元一六八八-一七六六年),意大利人。十九歲,入天主教耶穌會為修士。曾習油畫,兼習建築。二十七歲來華,以繪事供奉內廷,歷仕康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝。善畫人物、花鳥、尤善犬馬。 乾隆二十七(一七六二)年冬,愛烏罕之汗愛哈莫特沙顒遺使和卓密爾和齎表貢馬,馬皆高七尺,長八尺有奇。高宗賜名曰:超耳驄、徠遠騮、月出骨騋、凌崑白,並命畫院郎世寧作圖。 &*Lang Shih-ning was a native of Italy. At the age of 19 he entered the Jesuit order as a novitiate, also studying oil painting and architecture. In 1715, when he was 27 years old, he was sent to China. Lang Shih-ning served as a court painter during the eras of K’ang-hsi, Yung-cheng, and Ch’ien-lung. He excelled in figure and bird-and-flower paintings, and especially those of dogs and horses. In the winter of 1762, Afghanistan sent four horses to the Ch’ing court as tribute. All the horses were over seven feet high and eight feet long. The Ch’ien-lung emperor called the horses Ch’ao-erh-tsung, Lai-yüan-liu, Yüeh-k’u-lai and Ling-k’un-pai. He commanded Lang Shih-ning to paint their pictures. The horses are saddleless ; their bodies spattered with mud, suggesting that Lang Shih-ning depicted them as they first came to the capital. &*朗世寧(西元一六八八-一七六六年),義大利人,耶穌會教士,以繪畫供奉內廷。歷仕康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝。畫法參酌中西。乾隆二十七年(西元一七六二年)年冬,愛烏罕(今阿富汗)的首領愛哈莫特沙顒遣使和卓密爾漢齏表貢馬。乾隆賜名曰:超耳驄、徠遠騮、月出骨騋、凌崑白。並命朗世寧作畫。畫中,每一匹馬不但角度各異,且以滿、蒙、漢、回四種文字書寫其名及其尺寸,具有紀實的意味。&*Lang Shih-ning was an Italian who at the age of 19 became a novitiate of the Jesuit Catholic order. At 27, he arrived in China as a missionary. With an art background, he also painted for the court under the K’ang-hsi, Yung-cheng, and Ch’ien-lung emperors. His style fuses Chinese and Western techniques In the winter of 1762, an Afghan leader dispatched an emissary to the Ch’ing court to offer horses as tribute. The Ch’ien-lung Emperor named the four steeds as Exceeding Piebald, Far-flung Bay, Moon-bone Steed, and Ice White. He also ordered Castiglione to paint them. Each horse is shown from a different angle and an inscription in Manchu, Mongol, Chinese, and Uighur is included for their names and dimensions in documentary fashion. &*愛烏罕(即阿富汗) 位於巴達克山西南的回教國家,為中國回疆最西之屬國, 乾隆二十七年(1762)愛哈墨特沙君王遣使和卓密拉哈齎進表獻阿拉伯馬。 為此在二十八年正月,於暢春園西廠舉行閱兵大典,後作「愛烏罕四駿馬歌」,並命郎世寧於十月初一日畫手卷壹卷。清謝遂「職貢圖」第一卷對愛烏罕男女服飾亦有描述。 畫上以回、漢、滿、蒙文字標明馬匹的名稱、身高與體長; 分別為「超洱驄」(灰色有圓斑紋)、「徠遠騮」(赤黑色)、「月出骨騋」(黃白色, 蹄帶紅色)、「凌崑白」(白色, 蹄有紅色)。 四駿皆豐滿俊美, 形態各殊, 郎氏以其高超的寫生技巧, 細膩地描繪出駿馬各個角度的形象。 《活計檔》有此記錄:「乾隆二十八年(1763)九月二十六日交畫『愛烏罕四駿』手卷一卷, 傳旨著交如意館配袱別樣子, 發往蘇州織造廠, 依從前做法照樣做來。」 《清高宗御製詩三集》亦載有乾隆皇帝對此卷的評語:「泰西繪具別傳法, (自註:前歌曾命郎世寧為圖) 沒骨曾命寫褭蹏。著色精細入毫末, 宛然四駿騰沙隄。 似則似矣遜古格…」 乾隆命郎世寧以西洋畫法作此圖, 見畫卷上有馬無人, 評其形極相似, 卻與李公麟白描筆意不類, 乃命宮廷畫家金廷標(?-1767)仿李公麟「五馬圖」筆法, 補畫牽馬人。 (林莉娜)