石渠寶笈初編(御書房),上冊,頁1131 &*故宮書畫錄(卷五),第三冊,頁420 &*故宮書畫圖錄,第七冊,頁343-344&*1.王耀庭、張華芝,〈明陸治雪窗見易圖〉,收入王耀庭、張華芝編,《明陸治作品展覽圖錄》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1992年初版),頁67-68。 2.林莉娜,〈明陸冶雪窗見易圖〉,收入林莉娜、張華芝編,《冬景山水畫特展圖錄》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1989年元月初版),頁65。 3.江兆申,〈陸冶雪窗見易圖 軸〉,收入國立故宮博物院編,《吳派畫九十年展》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1975年初版,1976年再版,1981年三版),頁308。 &*陸治是明代中期蘇州地區的書畫家,生於蘇州包山梅梁里,也在蘇州地區成長。年輕時陸治便喜愛書畫,從自學臨摹入手,後來得到文徵明(1470-1559)的指引,逐步深入,對元代倪瓚、王蒙的畫法漸有心得。五十歲左右,陸治隱居支硎山,園藝工作之餘,靜心作畫,終於進一步畫出屬於自己的格調。 陸治不但擅長山水、花鳥畫,也能作詩文,有詩文集《陸包山遺稿》流傳下來,他的才華可以從這幅雪景探知一二。此時陸治二十九歲,尚在多方面學習的階段,一層層向上積叠的山脈,參考文徵明的構圖方式;綿密的筆法,則與王蒙的用筆較為接近。他用赭墨輕染山石,又用花青點染林木,色調清雅,將寒冬時節學子讀書的情景,烘托出寧謐的感覺。(王競雄)&*陸治從學於文徵明(一四七O-一五五九),詩文、書法和繪畫都受到影響。二十九歲為友人作此雪圖,描繪寒冬下讀易的情景,題材和風格都出自文徵明。畫中山勢層層積累而上,流泉忽隱忽現;用筆細而不弱、密而不亂,赭墨輕染,略施花青,掌握到文徵明的方法和精神。文氏畫風多樣,歷來有粗筆、細筆風格的區分,陸治此作屬於細筆面貌,精細處尤為可觀。 &*Lu Chih, as a student of Wen Cheng-ming (1470-1559), was influenced by Wen’s poetry, writing, calligraphy, and painting. Lu did this snowscape in 1524 at the age of 28 for a friend, representing a cold wintry scene. The subject and style both derive from those of Wen Cheng-ming. Here, layers of snow-covered cliffs tower up. Between two peaks is a waterfall that eventually becomes a mountain stream. On the bank is a thatched cottage where a seated scholar instructs a youth on the ancient I-ching. The brushwork is fine yet strong, dense yet not chaotic. Light washes of ochre and ink are complemented by bluish tinges to give a cool yet earthy approach in the spirit of Wen Cheng-ming, an artist known for both fine and rough styles.&* 陸治(西元一四九六-一五七六年),吳縣(今江蘇蘇州)人。字叔平,號包山子。好為詩及古文辭,善行楷,尤精通繪事。遊祝允明、文徵明門,其於丹青之學,務出其胸中奇,一時好稱。山水喜倣宋人,而時出己意。 一片茫茫冬景中,層巖積雪,兩山之間泉流下瀉,而成曲澗;澗旁茅屋軒敞,一士人授童子讀易。本幅畫筆枯瘦而工整,與文徵明「溪山深雪圖」甚為接近,作於明世宗嘉靖三年(西元一五二四年),時陸氏年二十九歲。 &*Lu Chih (style name shu-p’ing, sobriquet Pao-shan-tzu) was from Wu County in Kiangsu. He enjoyed poetry and classical prose, calligraphy, and painting. He was a close friend of Chu Yün-ming and Wen Cheng-ming, who taught him the art of painting. Li Chih developed his own special techniques, and became revered in his own time. He enjoyed copying the works of Sungmasters, but of ten expressed his own ideas as well. In this painting of a vast, wintry scene, layers of snowcovered cliffs tower upward. Between two peaks plummets a waterfall, which quickly becomes a winding mountain stream. On one bank of the stream is an open, thatched cottage, in which a seated scholar instructs a youth in the reading of the I-ching. The brushwork is dry and fine, in a manner similar to the landscape scroll of Wen Cheng-ming’s entitled “Deep Snow Over Stream and Mountains” This work was completed in 1524 when Lu Chih was 29 years old.