英文摘要:The importance of local culture gains the attention of government nowadays. Mother tongue was included to be one of the major subjects, and people start paying close attention to the Nursery Rhymes. People used to regard Nursery Rhymes as children’s chants, and only few of the chants were composed. Most of the rhymes disappeared because of people’s ignorance. Looking at the Nursery Rhymes from children literature, folk literature, sociology, folklore, and education angles, Nursery Rhymes are the brilliant history of literature. It documented Taiwanese sadness, happiness, delight, joy, grief and worry for the past ten decades in Taiwanese civilization and development. This thesis aims at the research of Taiwanese Nursery Rhyme from the folk literature collection in different culture centers locating around the island, including Yilan, Taipei, Taoyuan, Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, and Penghu. This thesis contains six chapters to discuss the social state and folklore: The first one is introduction, explaining research motivation, purpose, scope, structure, and definition of Nursery Rhymes. Chapter two explains data collection and recent research state, illustrating the points from the books, theses and dissertations, and folk literature publications from culture centers around the island. Chapter three discusses the spread and development of Taiwanese Nursery Rhymes. This chapter starts from the origin of Chinese Nursery Rhymes to the changes of Taiwanese Nursery Rhymes. Chinese and Taiwanese use different words to explain same meaning. Taiwanese is a dialect without characters. People documented the language from the sounds or meaning without united characters and words. Chapter four contains social changes of Nursery Rhyme lyrics, discussing life styles, national holidays, religions, occupations, social phenomena, and the like. Chapter five talks about the spirit of Nursery Rhymes, relating to the reflection of nationalism, fatalism, and ethics. Chapter six explores the musical research of traditional Taiwanese Nursery Rhyme by means of both rhythm and timbre aspects. Chapter seven refers to the current dilemma of teaching Taiwanese, practical applications of traditional Taiwanese Nursery Rhyme on teaching and gives some examples and demonstrations as well. Chapter eight is the conclusion of all. Traditional Taiwanese Nursery Rhymes was created from all walks of life, fully reflecting people’s local conditions and customs and expressing the delight of life. And it’s also closely related to folklore. Taiwanese Nursery Rhyme’s documentation and handing down to next generation can be the critical data of history. Although Nursery Rhymes are folklores with common and simple words and sentence structures, they are precious literature created by ancestors’ wisdom. The worth and value of their promotion and development are undeniable.