題名:保生大帝、土地公與西秦王爺之虎爺形態研究-以台南市、高雄市為例

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資料類型:
來源資料庫:學位論文
著作者:
創作者名稱:洪資殷
主題與關鍵字:
主要分類:神鬼傳說
中文關鍵詞:臺南市
中文關鍵詞:高雄市
中文關鍵詞:民間傳說
中文關鍵詞:保生大帝
中文關鍵詞:土地公
中文關鍵詞:西秦王爺
中文關鍵詞:虎爺
中文關鍵詞:形態
中文關鍵詞:動物神
中文關鍵詞:信仰
外文關鍵詞:Tainan City
外文關鍵詞:Kaohsiung City
外文關鍵詞:Baau Sheng Da Dih
外文關鍵詞:form
外文關鍵詞:Master Tiger
外文關鍵詞:Hsi Chin Wand Yeh
外文關鍵詞:Tudi Gong Tutigong
描述:
頁碼:124
中文摘要:在今日21世紀文明的社會,宗教信仰依然是廣大民眾依附的一種管道,任何宗教都是以帶給人們心靈的寄託為宗旨。根據文獻資料顯示,宗教信仰的歷史應可追溯至舊石器時代,當時的人類就有動物圖騰的崇拜。在商朝時代,人們敬鬼神、崇拜猛獸,藉此希望得以庇佑,而巫覡活動更將動物視爲人與天地的溝通媒介之一。祭神時,動物也成爲最虔誠的祭品。由此可見,人類與動物至此就開始有著密不可分的關係。目前在台灣的生態環境中,雖沒有「老虎」這類的動物,但大部分的廟宇,卻都有祭祀著「虎爺」。可見虎爺在民間的信仰中,是最為普遍的一種動物神靈,但在台灣的學術研究中,卻鮮少涉及此類的研究議題。因此,本研究選擇此主題,除希望可供未來作為學術研究的一環,甚至透過不同的思維,可將「虎爺」文化形態的表現再次提升。 本文共由五個單元構成,各單元的內容簡述如下所示: 1.緒論:由現今社會現況的描述,導入撰寫本研究的背景及動機,並引用媒體相關報導作為探討動物神的借鏡,同時也將本研究架構設定為保生大帝、土地公和西秦王爺與虎爺關係的研究。 2.文獻探討:以圖騰崇拜與神話故事的起源,為切入研究主題的探討,從文獻中瞭解對「虎」崇拜的演進過程和途徑,並延伸探討影響至今台灣民間信仰所祭祀的虎爺。 3.主神與動物神的關係:講述各種主祀神與老虎有關的傳說,著重於探討保生大帝、土地公、西秦王爺的虎爺由來。經由文獻分析結果,虎爺的功用為隨從、孩童的庇祐、招財、醫療(腮腺炎)、座騎及鎮守廟宇等。 4.現況調查:從既有祭祀神明(行政神)所配祀的「虎爺」,爲主要的研究對象。研究範圍以台南市、高雄市等地區所供奉保生大帝、土地公和西秦王爺的廟宇為主,透過文獻搜集、歸納和分析,從中瞭解主神所配祀「虎爺」的傳說故事和扮演角色。經由田野調查方式,除拍攝虎爺,也訪談匠師作為研究輔助,以及利用圖像化,測繪虎爺的面貌,分析其姿態、面貌和色彩等三個造形要素。除此,在擺設虎爺的場域方面,也是影響虎爺形態的關鍵因素之一,所以也將場域關係納為虎爺的形態比對之一,以期驗證不同主神所配祀的虎爺形態,是否會因廟宇變遷或地方信仰等因素,而産生不同的形態或面貌。 依本研究田野調查結果,台南市和高雄市等廟宇(保生大帝、土地公、西秦王爺)及虎爺的總計如下: (1)台南市:保生大帝廟宇18座,虎爺33尊。土地公廟宇10座,虎爺7尊。台南市並無西秦王爺廟宇。 (2)高雄市:保生大帝廟宇14座,虎爺19尊。土地公廟宇12座,虎爺14尊。高雄市僅有1座西秦王爺廟宇,但有2尊虎爺。 經由虎爺的形態調查後,發現虎爺神像的姿態、面貌和色彩等,是構成虎爺形象的主要特徵,且多數的虎爺均屬虎形態,皆為模擬真實老虎的表現,並帶有黃、黑兩色相間的紋路,其中主要的差異在於表情、姿勢、顏色和年代上的不同。特別是臉部五官的表現方面,部分採取模擬真實老虎、貓或以人類五官為模板,進而雕畫出趨近於真實老虎的神韻。但也由於虎爺整體的姿態,是出自匠師對真實老虎體態的想像,所以呈現出虎爺身態比例是較於短小的造形。 5.結論:虎爺的形態是一種具象形體經由圖像化後,所產生的半具象形態。也就是以簡化造形來表現老虎的具體形態,在簡化過程中除了以其代表性元素作為基礎結構外,也添加了一些想像形態以呈現出老虎的特有情緒表現,例如:嘴部的獠牙、彎曲的身軀等。除此,另一項影響虎爺之神格,卻是因祭祀虎爺所設置場域的不同,而產生名詞稱謂上的差異,也就是所謂的「天虎」和「地虎」的形態出現。 因此,民間宗教信仰的表現是造就虎爺形態、式樣的因素,不管是利用何種材質或取樣的形態和面貌為何,終就要賦予虎爺在形而上的意義,這也是民間信仰的力量。而交集在民間信仰下的器物,便是一種心靈上的寄託和依靠,也因如此,人們更相信在入神儀式後的虎爺,遠比真實的老虎更具有庇祐眾生的能力。
英文摘要:Nowadays, within the new millennium, most people are still far from the position in which they can depend on religion. To give people a home ground is the goal of every religion. According to research, the history of religion could have begun with people worshipping animal icons. In the Shang Dynasty people respected ghosts, gods and worshipped wild animals in the hope of gaining the benefits of their blessings. Voodoo activities made animals the means of communication between people and gods/spirits. Animals are the best sacrificial offerings for worship. Because of this, we know people and animals are tied together in close relationship to one another. Now, in the animal environment of Taiwan we don’t have –tigers- yet, most temple worship is to the “Grandfather Tiger.” So we know the “Master Tiger” in cult religion is the most popular animal god. But the research in Taiwan seldom talks about it. So, I chose this topic to contribute to future research and to allow “Master Tiger” culture to be shown as a different way thinking. There are five main parts in this article they are summarized below: 1. Introduction: To tell today’s society why I want to do this research and use media reports about it to discuss animal gods. At the same time, I have made this research structure on the relation between the “Baau Sheng Da Dih, Tudi Gong, His Chin Wang Yeh and Master Tiger.” 2. Document discussion: Use the origins of worshipping icons and fairytales to bring in the topic of this research; from old research to understand the progressive steps of worshipping the “Tiger,” then to keep going on into discussion of how it influenced the way that people worship Master Tiger today. 3. The relationships between the Main Gods and the Animal Gods: Discussion based on every kind of legend between the Main Gods and the tiger, emphasis on the sources of “Baau Sheng Da Dih, Tudi Gong, His Chin Wang Yeh 4. Present day research: Use of the “Administration God” to worship Master Tiger is the main research target. The topics of “Baau Sheng Da Dih, Tudi Gong, His Chin Wang Yeh” in Tainan and Gaushung area. Getting to know Tiger Master’s role and legendary traditions from collecting and putting together analysis (old research); take photos of Master Tiger’s appearance then analyze his posture, face and color; and interview sculptors of Master Tiger. Besides this the way they put Master Tiger also influences Master Tiger’s position (in importance). Then I can prove how different main gods will change Master Tiger’s look and figure because of the differences between temples and religions. After research, we found Master Tiger’s sculpture position, face and color is Master Tiger’s most important characteristic and most of Master Tiger’s look is of a tiger and mimics a real tiger’s look and action. They have black and yellow stripes. The difference is in expression, position and color and years. As to the face, some use cat features or human face features to be the model. But because it is from the sculptor’s imagination not of a real tiger, the body is small and short. 5. Conclusion: Master Tiger’s look is half real, using imagination to show a tiger’s emotion; for example: long teeth from the mouth, curved body. Any color difference is because of the place where people are worshipping Master Tiger. So, they have “Sky Tiger” and “Earth Tiger.” It doesn’t matter what kind of material is used or the differences in Tiger Master’s look, religion makes Master Tiger just how they want to make it meaningful. This is the power of religion. This kind of thing is there to make us feel that we have a home ground for our spirit to depend on. That’s why people believe and worship of Master Tiger is much more useful in the protection of people than a real tiger.
出版者:
主要出版者:樹德科技大學應用設計研究所視覺傳達設計組
出版地:高雄縣燕巢鄉
日期:
出版日期:2006
語言:
語文:中文
關聯:
全文電子檔:http://etds.ncl.edu.tw/theabs/service/say.jsp?FT=Y&id=094STU00619030
管理權:
典藏單位:國家圖書館

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