題名:屏東縣新埤鄉建功村的聚落拓墾與社區營造歷程
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- 資料類型：
- 來源資料庫:學位論文
- 著作者：
- 創作者名稱:賴怡吟
- 主題與關鍵字：
- 主要分類:史事傳說
- 中文關鍵詞:屏東縣
- 中文關鍵詞:新埤鄉
- 中文關鍵詞:民間傳說
- 中文關鍵詞:建功村
- 中文關鍵詞:聚落拓墾
- 中文關鍵詞:社區營造
- 外文關鍵詞:Pingtung County
- 外文關鍵詞:Sinbi Township
- 描述：
- 頁碼:136
- 中文摘要:區域特色的形塑是人、自然、社會三者交互作用下而成的結果，是連續變化的過程，因此由不同時期居民的產業活動、土地利用、人口結構變化、社會關係變遷的情形，可看出一個聚落的區域獨特姓。本文以屏東縣新埤鄉建功聚落為研究區，透過文獻資料蒐集、地圖分析、田野實查，以及問卷的方式，探討建功聚落的拓墾發展歷程、人口及土地利用之變化、社區營造歷程及社區未來發展的方向。 建功聚落位於屏東平原南方，屬於熱帶季風氣候，在地形上屬於林邊溪沖積扇扇端。於十七世紀中葉以前，屏東平原為西拉雅族馬卡道族放索社平埔族之居住地，稱為「鳳山八社」，而活動於建功聚落的是「放索社群」之茄藤社，以游耕、狩獵活動維生。荷治時期，鳳山八社的平埔族人在荷人的強力誘導下學會水稻耕作。明清兩代，由於鳳山八社族人擅於耕作，兩代政府對其課征稅賦及服勞役，鳳山八社族人面對統治者之橫徵暴斂，在生活日益窮困情況下，於乾隆中期以後，放棄水源充沛、適合耕作之平原區，紛紛搬離舊社，大部分移居沿山的沖積扇帶。此舉使得清康熙年間後，進入屏東平原開墾之漢人，不受平埔社番之干擾，能順利於此展開拓墾活動，成為活躍於清代屏東平原上之主角。 清康熙四十年（1701）左右，來自嘉應州鎮平縣鍾、張、賴三姓之客家人渡海來台，有些先至他處拓墾，再輾轉至建功村定居。由於建功村在地形上屬於林邊溪沖積扇之扇端，以礫石為主要成份的沖積扇含有豐富的地下水，故於扇端常有湧泉自然流出，湧泉成為村民農耕灌溉、日常用水之來源；然扇面上之河川亦常改變流路，時有洪患，因此村民飽受水患之苦；為了防水患，於聚落東側設有大片樹林，以減輕雨季時洪水氾濫的情形，並有專人看管、維護，禁止居民進入砍伐，因此此片樹林稱為「禁山」或「禁林」。 隨著台灣經濟的發展，建功村的人口不斷外移，人口數年年下滑，外移者以青壯年及幼年人口為主，故老年人口比例升高，超過幼年人口比例，早已達到高齡化社會。建功村的產業結構以第一級產業為主，部分二、三級產業比率稍有增加，但由於人口不斷外移，造成人口老化及勞動力不足，加上教育程度普遍不高，故自日治時期至今，建功村的土地利用皆以「農業」為主，但生產內容則隨著年代不同而有轉變。 早期為了防水患，於聚落東側設置的大片樹林，由於謠言傳訛，村民不敢入林內活動，卻在民國70年代遭受外地人不當入墾與破壞。於是，建功社區發展協會有意將荒廢的保安林重新打造為建功村之公園的規劃，此舉引起村民的關心，然而，由於社區協會經費有限，只能透過村民的力量及相關單位之補助來進行工程，因此社區協會鼓勵村民積極加入義工行列一同打造親水公園。在營造公園過程中，社區協會舉辦多次活動，吸引村民參加，民國90年，還邀請阿扁總統南下主持開園典禮，一時報章媒體爭相報導，建功村因親水公園而打響了知名度。村民因共同營造公園而凝聚向心力，村民對自己生活的社區引以為榮也更具信心，因而希望未來的建功村可藉著公園的知名度帶動旅遊、觀光業發展。
- 英文摘要:The characteristics of an area are the result of interaction of human beings, environment and society. They are continuous changing Course . We can see the distinction of an area from industrial activities, the use of land, the change of population structure and social relation during different periods of time. The study is basd on Jiangong settlement which is located in Sinpi Township , Pingdong County. Through the collection of documents, the analysis of maps, real investigation of fields and questionnaires, we explore the process of reclaimation and development, the change of population structure, the use of land, the process of community empowerment, and the direction of the community's future development. Jiangong settlement is located in the south of Pingdong plain, the terminal alluvia fan of Linbain River, and it’s belong to the tropical monsoon climate. Before the middle of seventeen century, Pingdong plain used to be the residence of Pingpu tribes of Siraya Makatao Pansoa, called “Feng-shan eight tribes”. During the days of Holland’s occupation, Feng-shan eight tribes learned to cultivate rice. During the Ming and Ching Dynasty, the two governments taxed them and forced them to labor. Feng-shan eight tribes were poor day by day. After the middle age of Emperor Ch”ing Lung, They given up the plain and the old residence, then moved to the foot of the hill in the east.The movement made the Han people cultivate in Pingdong plain successfully without the disturbance of Pingpu tribes during Kang-Hsi years of the Ching Dynasty. The Han people became the leading role in Pingdong plain. About 1701, the three Hakka family names of Chong, Chang and Lai came to Taiwan through the Taiwan Straits. Some people cultivated in other places, then moved to Jiangong Village. As Jiangong Village was belong to the terminal alluvia fan of Linbain River, the main portion of which was gravels. And It was full of groundwater. Because of groundwater pouring naturally in the terminal alluvia fan, it became the water for the villagers to irrigate and drink. But the river on the terminal alluvia fan often changed its route, which often made floods. In order to avoid floods in the rainy days, the villagers set woods in the east side of their settlement. There were some special people to watch and keep woods in safety, not allowing people to log . The woods was called “forbidden woods”. As the economic of Taiwan develops, the residents of Jiangong Village move out continuously and then descend year by year. The movers are young people and their children. The proportion of the old people rises and is over that of the children. It has been the “Old Age Society”. The main property structure of Jiangong Village is the firs-class property, and the proportion of the second-class and the third-class increase slightly. The residents of Jiangong Village move out continuously, which makes aging of people and lack of labor. Because of the villagers without high education, the use of the land is “agriculture” from the rule of Japan up to now. But the contests of agriculture change as years go by. Villagers seldom entered the “forbidden woods” in the past because of rumors. In the 70’ years, the “forbidden woods” was destroyed by people in other places, and they reclaimed incorrectly. The Jiangong community association wished to reset the “forbidden woods” to the park of Jiangong Village. It caused the villagers to care about the “forbidden woods”. However, The Jiangong community association was lack of money, it just can proceed some projects by the voluntary labors and some assistance of the government. Then, the Jiangong community association encouraged villagers to join the voluntary labors actively and to construct the park together. In the course of constructing the park, the Jiangong community association held several activities to attract the villagers. At 2001, the Jiangong community association invited Mr. President to preside the inaugural ceremony of the park, which the mass media reported competitively. So, Jiangong Village is famous for the park. The villagers cohere centripetal force by constructing the park together. They are proud and confident of their community. They wish that in the future Jiangong Village could promote tourism by the well-known park.
- 出版者：
- 主要出版者:高雄師範大學地理學系
- 出版地:高雄市
- 日期：
- 出版日期:2006
- 語言：
- 語文:中文
- 管理權：
- 典藏單位:無館藏
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