儒術治國 儒學的復振 文人儒臣主政 重文輕武 積貧積弱 對外投降 國勢不振 專制獨裁 冗官冗吏 政治理性 Confucian politics Confucian renaissance Civilian confucian control Emphasize culture and education but ignore military Becomp poorer and weaker Diplomatic policy of surrender The decadent state Autocracy Superfluous official staff Political sense