故宮書畫錄(卷六),頁161&* 李世倬(?—一七七○),奉天(遼寧瀋陽)人,一作三韓(內蒙)人。字天章,號穀齋,又號菉園,別號清在居士。為高其佩(一六七二-一七三四)外甥,官至復都御史。 本幅選自「李世倬雜畫冊」第十二開。白描畫鍾馗執劍獨立,旁有蝙蝠五。因「蝠」字與「福」發音相同。畫蝙蝠飛翔於空中,儼然有「福自天申」的涵義。若再與「執劍」二字的諧音「只見」相結,更成為「只見福來」的吉祥語。是以明、清畫家每畫鍾馗,多喜附以蝙蝠。 &* Li Shih-chuo (style name T’ien-chang and sobriquets Ku-chai, Lü-yüan, and Ch’ing-tsai chü-shih) was a native of Feng-t’ien (modern Shen-yang, Liao-ning) or San-han (modern Inner Mongolia). He was the nephew of Kao Ch’i-p’ei (1672-1734) and served in the position of Vice Censor-in-chief. This is the twelfth leaf from “Album of Various Subjects by Li Shih-chuo” and shows Chung K’uei standing alone with a sword and five bats to his lower right. Because one of the characters in the binome for “bat (fu 蝠)” is a homonym for “fortune (fu 福),” the bat is often depicted with Chung K’uei to indicate the arrival of good fortune in the New Year. As a result, bats flying in the air suggest “Fortune extending from the heavens.” Taking this play on words even further, the binome for “brandishing a sword (chih-chien 執劍)” is a homonym for “only visible (chih-chien 只見),” which can becombined with the above homonym to form the auspicious phrase, “May you be blessed only with good fortune [in the New Year].” As a result, Ming (1368-1644) and Ch’ing (1644-1911) painters often included bats with Chung K’uei. &*故宮書畫圖錄,第二十五冊,頁116-119&*石渠寶笈續編(養心殿),第三冊,頁1208-1209&*1.劉芳如,〈清李世倬福來圖〉,收入國立故宮博物院編輯委員會編,《迎歲集福 — 院藏鍾馗名畫特展》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1997年二月初版一刷),頁159-160。