警察法 責任 責任人 歸責 因果關係 行為責任 狀態責任 直接肇因理論 消滅時效 警察義務繼受 警察緊急狀態 結果除去請求權 Police law Responsibility attribution Causation Responsibility for dangerous behavior Responsibility for dangerous condition of the property Direct causation theory Limitation Succession Police emergency Claim to remedial action