品名:神格與職能
英文名:Deity and Functions
推薦分享
後設資料
- 資料識別：
- 系統識別碼:0b00000181e15053
- 資料類型：
- 型式:合集
- 紀錄類別:台灣漢人民間信仰知識單元
- 主題與關鍵字：
- 學域-大分類:人類-台灣漢人民間信仰
- 族群:漢﹝Han﹞
- 功能用途:祭祀
- 描述：
- 簡介:"MatsuStarting in the Song Dynasty, the belief of Matsu has gone through different stages before it began to spread.At the first stage, it was a local belief in Putian area. Locals worshipped her as a goddess. However, the belief did not spread far.The second stage began in the regime of Emperor Huizong. When official boat was stuck by a typhoon on the sea on a diplomatic mission to Korea, a goddess was watching the voyage and protecting ship. When the boat was returned , this was reported to Emperor Huizong who granted a horizontal temple tablet written “Shunji”. From then on, the belief of Matsu entered the royal court. At the same time, the belief of Matsu began to spread. With the titles conferred upon her by the royal court, the reputation and legend of Matsu were further disseminated. These titles included Lady Linghui from Emperor Gaozhong.The third stage refers to the popularization of the belief of Matsu. Besides the titles conferred upon her by the court, the aggressive dissemination of Putian native Chen Junqing also played an important role in the popularization of the belief of Matsu. As the premier at that time, Chen donated land and built Temple in Baihu to worship Matsu. This has established the status of the belief of Matsu.Additionally, from the above titles, we can see the importance of marine activities in the Song Dynasty the people’s worries about marine perils and pirates. To increase the income of the treasury, overseas trade was aggressively promoted in the Song Dynasty. As the risk of marine activities was unpredictable, the status of Matsu considered as the guardian goddess of the sea also rose as the marine transportation industry thrived.During the regime of Emperor Guangzhong in the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a severe summer drought. It is said that Matsu sent rain to end the drought. Therefore, she was promoted to Dame Linghui. It was the first time for Matsu to be ranked among the kings and nobles. When the Khitan Empire wanted to cross the Hui River to invade the Central Plain during the regime of Emperor Ningzhong, the court immediately dispatched the navy troops in Fujian to defend the country. It is said that Matsu helped the troops in the Battle of Hefai, and the Song troops successfully defeated the Khitan troops. This time, two characters “Xianwei” were conferred upon her title. When the pirates came again later on, Matsu also helped to the Song troops to suppress the pirates. Then, another two characters “Yinglie” were conferred upon her title. 媽祖 始於北宋的媽祖信仰，在宋朝時，歷經不同階段而日漸開展。第一階段僅隸屬於莆田地區的地方信仰，當地民眾視她為女神而崇拜，但信仰尚未廣傳。第二階段起自宋徽宗時，由於朝臣路允迪出使高麗，在海上遇風浪震盪，看見一女神護航濟舟，回京後奏陳皇上，賜下「順濟」為廟額，自此媽祖信仰由民間傳入宮殿。這個階段同時也是媽祖信仰開始向外傳播的時期，隨著官方賜封增加，媽祖的名聲和傳說也愈加流傳，例如高宗時封為「靈惠夫人」，之後又傳海寇犯境，媽祖顯靈協助平定，加封為「靈惠昭應夫人」。第三階段的媽祖信仰之所以普及化，除了官方賜下的封號之外，也來自於莆田人陳俊卿的大力推廣。由於陳俊卿當時身為宰相，地位顯赫，又獻地建廟，蓋白湖順濟廟奉祀媽祖，媽祖信仰因此確立其地位。 媽祖 至南宋時，宋光宗年間，遭逢夏季大旱，傳媽祖救旱降雨，晉封為「靈惠妃」。此為媽祖首度晉升於王爵之列。宋寧宗時，金兵欲渡淮河侵犯，朝廷緊急調度福建舟師應援對抗，傳媽祖神威相助，合肥之戰大獲全勝，加封「顯衛」兩字。後來又遇海寇，媽祖又助其平亂，再加封「英烈」兩字。媽祖 此外，透過上述的封號，可看出宋朝對航海活動的關注，以及對海難、海寇的憂心。為增加國庫收入，宋朝大力推展海外貿易。由於海上活動的風險不可預測，隨著航海業的發展，被視為海上守護神的媽祖，地位逐漸提升。 "
- 製造方式:其他
- 出版者：
- 數位化執行單位:國立自然科學博物館：人類學組台灣漢人民間信仰學
- 範圍：
- 文化區:台灣
- 管理權：
- 典藏單位:國立自然科學博物館
- 使用聲明:館內公開瀏覽
授權聯絡窗口
- 鍾舜丞
04-23226940*762
chungnmns@nmns.edu.tw
