秘殿珠林續編(乾清宮),頁365&*故宮書畫錄(卷八),第四冊,頁127&*故宮書畫圖錄,第十三冊,頁413-414&*姚文瀚(活動於西元一七五二年前後),順天(北平)人。號濯亭,乾隆時供奉內廷,善畫佛道人物。 居士羯摩札拉,長長的頭髮盤在頭上如花冠,背負經書一冊,坐在無量佛面前。居士手持拂子與寶瓶。向羯摩札拉致敬!《羅漢禮供》 據裱綾上的藏文標名及畫中人物形貌,本幅與第十八尊者的中文法號錯置,本幅應為「第十七號羯摩札拉居士」。兩幅詩塘上的藏文都是正確的,可能書寫中文者不識藏文及《禮供》的順序,所以錯置了中文法號。畫中尊者一如《禮供》所言背負經篋,形似負笈的行腳居士,正卸下經篋,端坐岩上憩息。右手執拂塵,左手握寶瓶,足下伏虎,前方石案上獸鎮噴水,幻化出一尊阿彌陀佛小像。此一形象早在唐代敦煌繪畫已有之,或與大唐高僧玄奘有關,後由敦煌傳入西藏。 &* Yao Wen-han (sobriquet Cho-t’ing) was a naive of Shun-t’ien (modern Peking). He excelled in Buddhist and Taoist figure painting and served as a painter in the Inner Court of the Ch’ien-lung emperor (r.1736-1796). According to the Tibetan inscription on the mounting and the iconography of the figures, this painting is of the seventeenth Lohan, Upàsaka Dharmatàla, and not of the eighteenth Lohan, Hvasheng, as written in the Chinese inscription which was added later. Upàsaka Dharmatàla is a devout lay Buddhist who travels on foot bearing his belongings in a backpack. He has just set down his chest of sutras and sits upright on a rock to rest. He holds a fly-whisk in his right hand and a precious vase (kundikà) in his left. Tigers lie at his feet. On a rock, an animal-shaped weight spurts out water which transforms into a small image of Amitàbha, the Buddha of the Western Paradise. This painting of Upàsaka Dharmàtala is related to that of the T'ang dynasty monk Hsüan-tsang who traveled west in research of Buddhist sutras. This image might have been transmitted to Tibet through Tunhuang. &*1.李玉珉,〈清姚文瀚畫第十八納納答密答喇尊者〉,收入李玉珉主編,《羅漢畫》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1990年初版),頁85。 2.葛婉章,〈清姚文瀚畫十六羅漢連作 — 清宮羅漢畫,流露西藏風〉,《故宮文物月刊》,第156期(1996年3月),頁50-86。