故宮書畫錄(卷四),第二冊,頁186&故宮書畫圖錄,第十八冊,頁373-376&仇英,字實父,號十洲。原籍江蘇太倉,後移居蘇州。生卒年不詳,近人據著錄及畫蹟研究,考訂約生於明弘治甲寅(一四九四年),卒於嘉靖壬子(一五五二年)秋冬之際。(註1)嘗學畫於周臣(約1450—1535),特工臨摹,頗能奪真。山水、人物、樓台界畫,靡不精細入神。為明四大家之一。 此圖與與故宮藏「秋江待渡圖」皆學南宋劉松年風格,尤以石之皴擦、設色等頗有神似之處。二幅皆為晚明清初鑑賞家所讚賞,被譽為「天趣過之」,(註2)本幅疏朗秀雅的畫風 ,敷彩之典雅、筆法之純熟,表現出仇英不為筆使的獨到之處,實不愧明四家之稱。董其昌謂學南宋精工鮮麗而又有士人之雅氣者,元明五百年間惟出仇英一人,故文徵明亦極推服(註3),董氏甚至認 為即使是文徵明悉力為之也未必能及(註4),其讚譽若此。 本幅無清宮及任何收藏印記,不知何時入藏清宮?是較鮮見的例子。款署之東林先生亦不知何許人?待考。另據顧復言祝允明所書之東林記亦早就遺佚(註5)。目前拖尾僅存唐寅、張靈各題七言絕句一首。(許郭璜) 註1:關於仇英的生卒年有三種說法:一.1494—1561。二.1502—1552。三.1494—1552。本文採第三種。詳請參閱許郭璜,〈仇英和他的繪畫藝術‧一.仇英的生平與師友〉《故宮文物月刊》第73期,(1989年4月)頁56—67。 註2:顧復,《平生壯觀》卷十,(台北:漢華文化事業公司,1971)下冊,頁95;安岐,《墨緣彙觀錄》卷三,(台北:台灣商務印書館,1970),頁175。 註3:董其昌,《畫眼》收錄於黃賓虹‧鄧實編,《美術叢書》(台北:廣文書局,1963)初集第三輯,頁43。 註4:同註3,頁38。 註5:同註2之顧復《平生壯觀》卷十,「東林圖」條之說明。&本幅繪草堂前,林木交錯,下有坡石細草。軒齋中,兩文士對坐,晤談方酣。四周並繪溪澗奔流,遠方桃樹掩映,構景疏密相間,極具變化。近景樹石之鉤皴點染,殆由劉松年脫胎而得,而遠景之疏枝煙嵐,又近乎馬麟的詩畫意境。凡此,俱見仇英的技法源頭,確實曾廣泛汲取南宋院畫特質,再予以衍生而成。畫約成於仇英三十九歲(西元一五四六)頃。&The Tung-lin (Western Grove) Garden Ch'iu Ying (ca. 1494-1552) Ming Dynasty This painting represents a grove of trees in front of a thatched hall with fine grasses on the slope below. In the studio sit two scholars engaged in lofty conversation. Water in the streams flow all around against a backdrop of peach trees. The contrast between open and dense creates for compositional variety. The foreground trees and rocks are outlined with texture strokes, dots, and washes ultimately derived from that of Liu Sung-nien. The branches and mists in the distance are similar to the lyricism of Ma Lin’s style. Thus, the origins of Ch'iu Ying's technique borrows from a range of Southern Sung (1127-1279) academic manners fused into a style of his own. This work was done in 1546.&仇英(約西元一四九四–一五五二年),江蘇太倉人,字實父,少時移居蘇州。學畫於周臣,由文徵明引介,先後在收藏家項元汴和長洲人陳官家作畫。項元汴之孫項聲表說他:「所覽宋元名畫千有餘矣,又得性天之授,餐霞吸露,無煙火氣習。」被譽為明四大家之一。 設色畫山光水色,花木翳薈,軒齋中兩人對坐。童子烹泉負卷侍立。林木點葉細謹,竹樹亦有雙鉤者,筆筆細勁,畫坡石以枯筆濃墨皴擦,再加濕筆淡墨烘染,蓋極精妙之能事矣。