石渠寶笈續編(重華宮),第三冊,頁1684&*故宮書畫錄(卷六),第四冊,頁194&*故宮書畫圖錄,第二十八冊,頁372-377&*惠崇(約西元965─1017年),原籍福建建陽。以善詩,位列宋「九詩僧」之一。畫以小景著稱,寫江南春色、煙雨蘆雁,曾博得諸多文人的讚賞。如王安石謂「惠崇晚出吾最許」,蘇軾亦形容其畫中有「春江水暖鴨先知」的詩境。 惠崇畫蹟,於宋時已多贗品,本幅選自「歷朝畫幅集冊」第二幅。畫無款印,舊傳為惠崇所作。繪敗荷蘆岸,水鴨雙棲。用筆融挺勁、柔細於一爐,加以設色雅淡,充分展現秋景蕭瑟寧靜的氣息。&*The monk Hui-ch'ung originally hailed from Chien-yang in Fukien. He excelled at poetry, becoming known as one of the “Nine Poet-monks” of the Sung dynasty. He was especially famous for his intimate scenes of reeds and geese in mist and rain as well as spring landscapes in Kiangnan. He was admired by many Sung scholar-officials, such as Wang An-shih (1021-1086), who wrote, “Hui-ch'ung is a figure I admire most among the previous generation.” In addition, one of Hui-ch'ung's paintings inspired Su Tung-p'o (1036-1101) to verse; “The river water in spring begins to warm; Ducks swimming there are the first to know.” Even in the Sung dynasty, many forgeries of Hui-ch'ung's works existed. This work bears no seals or signature of the artist, but it has been traditionally attributed to Hui-ch'ung. In this painting, a pair of waterfowl rest on an embankment, sharing the space with only a few reeds and withered lotuses. The brushwork ranges from angular and forceful to fine and delicate, while the coloring is particularly elegant and light. The result is a riverbank scene in autumn which effectively communicates an atmosphere of isolation and tranquility. This is the second leaf from the album Li-ch’ao hua-fu chi-ts'e.&*1.劉芳如,〈惠崇秋浦雙鴛〉,收入國立故宮博物院編,《宋代書畫冊頁名品特展》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1995年初版一刷),頁286-287。 2.譚怡令,〈宋惠崇秋浦雙鴛〉,收入譚怡令編,《畫?珍禽》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1988年十月初版),頁80。 3.本社,〈宋惠崇秋圃雙鴛〉,《故宮文物月刊》,第32期(1985年11月),頁1。 4.劉芳如,〈「七十件書畫冊頁名品特展」精選(六) — 惠崇秋浦雙鴛〉,《故宮文物月刊》,第152期(1995年11月),頁96-99。&*惠崇是北宋初年著名的詩僧(註1),生卒、籍里尚待考。(註2) 自宋代始,論者對於惠崇的畫藝,即曾賦予高度評價。王安石(1021–1086)、沈括(1029–1093)、蘇軾(1036–1101)、黃庭堅(1045–1105)等文人,亦皆有詩作形容其畫。 惠崇的畫作,今多已不傳,僅現藏臺北故宮博物院的「秋浦雙鴛」、遼寧省博物館的「沙江煙樹圖」,及日本私人收藏的「荷鷺圖」、「蘆雁圖」(註3)數幅,較接近於畫史所記載的「虛曠」風格。 院藏「秋浦雙鴛」,未繫作者款印,品名係清代重裝時,由高宗所訂定。畫中,實景均集中於畫幅右側,形成明顯的對角斜線,符合南宋習見的構圖形式。通幅之運筆使墨,兼容挺勁與柔細於一爐,如蘆草的屈曲轉折,即充滿強健的提頓變化;枯荷及水鴨,則轉化為細筆點簇。再者,水濱的小草與卵石,在南宋冊頁小品中,亦頻頻出現。 收傳印記中,「趙孟?印」、「仰不愧俯不怍二樂也」、「寶藏」三印,似出自同一人。宋德祐間(1275)有名趙孟濟者,不知是否即此?倘若此三印確定,則「秋浦雙鴛」縱非惠崇真蹟,其成作年代,至遲仍可置於南宋末葉。(註4) (劉芳如) 註1:明代方回(1227–1306)指稱,惠崇詩學賈島、周賀,清苦工密,頗有「景聯人,人著意」的境界。南宋初,周煇《清波雜誌》已將他推為「九詩僧」之一。與希晝、保暹、文兆、行肇、簡長、惟鳳、惠崇、宇昭、懷古並列。參見宗典,「中國畫史上崛起的三畫僧–惠崇、玉澗、牧谿考」,《朵雲》第一期(1981年5月),頁170-171。 註2:有謂,惠崇為建陽(今福建建陽)人,另一說作淮南人。參見翁同文,〈畫人生卒考〉,《故宮季刊》第四卷第二期(1969年10月),頁70–71。及鈴木敬著,魏美月譯,《中國繪畫史》(臺北︰國立故宮博物院,1987),上冊,頁229-230。 註3:參米澤嘉圃,〈惠崇シ傳稱作品〉(下),《國華》第943號(1972年1月),頁7。 註4:參國立故宮博物院編,《故宮宋畫精華》(台北:國立故宮博物院,1975-1976),上卷,頁11。