石渠寶笈三編(延春閣),第三冊,頁1350&故宮書畫錄(卷一),第一冊,頁16&唐玄宗 ( 685—762 ) 姓李名隆基,英明而多藝,在位四十五年,史稱唐明皇。善八分、章草等書法。開元七年 (719 ) 秋 ( 註 1 ),有鶺翎約千隻之數翔集宮殿中。玄宗見其飛鳴行搖不畏人之狀,聯想及兄弟相聚之樂,遂召魏光乘撰此鶺翎頌。鶺翎,此鳥有「飛則鳴」、「行則搖」的習性,古人將之比喻為「兄弟既在急難而相救」,因此演變為「兄弟之情 」之寓意。 本幅書於玄宗三十五歲之年( 719 ) ( 註1 ),書法用筆甚著意於線條之使轉頓挫,精力瀰漫,頗有圭陵顯露之處。書風則有雄健寬宏之氣勢,與當時肥壯之人馬、豐腴之仕女等畫風正能相互呼應。( 林柏亭 ) 註1:江兆申,〈唐玄宗書鶺鴒頌完成年歲考〉,《雙谿讀畫隨筆》,(台北:國立故宮博物院,1977.10 ),頁 1—9。 玄宗(西元六八五-七六一年),姓李,名隆基,性英斷多藝。中宗崩,韋后臨朝,謀傾宗社,玄宗密謀匡復,奉父睿宗即位,旋受禪。 玄宗於兄弟間以友愛稱,時有鶺鴒成千來棲,君臣賡頌以為美談。此卷書法結構精謹,筆意縱橫瀟灑。王文治謂:「行墨間具含龍章鳳姿。」本幅有「開元」小璽凡五,為本卷僅見。 Emperor Hsüan-tsung (Li Lung-chi) was noted for his bravery and skill in marshal arts. After the demise of Emperor Chung-tsung, Queen Wei took over the rule and her clan plotted a usurpation; thereupon he planned a counter-coup to restore the royal house. His plan successful, he placed his father on the throne (Emperor Jui-tsung), and on his father's abdication he himself assumed the throne. Hsüan-tsung, more commonly known as Emperor Ming-huang, was often praised for his love for his brothers. Once, thousands of pied wagtails came to perch near his palace and his ministers took this as an auspicious sign of his benevolent reign and love of his subjects. This composition has been carefully planned but the brushwork has a casual elegance. Wang Wen-chih described it saying:"Between the strokes there are dragons and phoenixes (two imperial symbols)."&開元七年(719)秋,有鶺鴒約千隻翔集於宮殿,玄宗見其飛鳴行搖,不畏人之狀,聯想及兄弟相聚之樂,遂召左清道率府長史魏光乘撰頌文,玄宗親自書成此卷,這可能是他傳世僅存的書蹟。 鶺鴒鳥飛起時,會尖銳而短促的啼鳴,走路時,尾部經常上下左右做有規律的擺動,因為有這種「飛鳴行搖」,互相聯繫照應的特性,所以詩人把牠比喻成急難中的兄弟。唐玄宗是唐朝第七位皇帝,在位四十四年。他即皇位之初,在家族中很有糾紛,必須籠絡自己的兄弟,而又不願他們實際干預政治,於是將五位兄弟派駐到遠離中央的地區,每年一朝見,因此藉著這篇頌文表達思念兄弟之情,也寄望兄弟間互相照應,不會發生奪權之政爭。 這卷書法自首至尾,運筆精力專注,清楚的交代每一筆畫的開始、轉折、停頓與收尾。在字形上,明顯與王羲之〈蘭亭序〉相似,只是筆畫更為粗壯,可以看出從初唐以來,唐太宗倡導王羲之書法對於皇室後代的影響,也反映盛唐時期,對於豐腴之美的好尚。(何傳馨)