故宮書畫錄(卷五),第三冊,頁197-198&*故宮書畫圖錄,第四冊,頁121-122&*曹知白(一二七二至一三五五年),上海人。字又玄,號雲西。至元年間,為崑山教諭。善畫山水,師法郭熙。 濱水石坡上兩棵虯松,拔地而起,勢如參天,背襯以雜樹,掩映在煙靄中,漸遠漸晦。並立雙松,幹頂枝條向周圍虯蟠伸長,旁配以遠水,成無盡景,畫成於天曆二年(一三二九),時年五十八。以松樹成為山水畫中描摹的一重點,概與元朝整個大環境有關,畫家藉事物明志,【註1】而松之堅拔,使雙松正可作為友情堅貞之象徵,【註2】在元畫中這類作品甚夥,如朱德潤、唐棣等大家之作。審視諸家之雙松,皆可找出從李衎以來,所持有李郭派描寫樹石的嚴謹傳統。【註3】但和諸家筆下略帶書法性誇張的松樹相較,先生在樹形及用筆上,展現了平實的個人風貌。 畫家以直線皴配合鱗皴表現松幹皮,並在樹身上加上齊列的橫點苔,顯得工整規律,但伸展曲折詭譎的松枝經營,枝梢迴轉上仰之姿,和向四面散射細疏的松針,打破了松身的平整。雜樹枯枝則取蟹爪筆法,和其晚年七九歲所作<群峰雪霽圖>前景三松簡淡筆墨對照,此幅用筆顯得嚴整而厚實。(張華芝) 【註1】:陳擎光著,《元代畫家吳鎮》(台北:國立故宮博物院,1983年6月),頁2。 【註2】:溫淑姿撰,《曹知白「群峰雪霽圖」相關問題之研究》(台北:中國文化大學藝術研究所碩士論文,1987年元月),頁140。 【註3】:張光賓著,<元四大家>,《元四大家》(台北:國立故宮博物院,1975),頁5。&*1.許郭璜,〈曹知白雙松圖〉,收入石守謙、葛婉章主編,《大汗的世紀:蒙元時代的多元文化與藝術》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,2001年初版),頁303。 2.許郭璜,〈大汗的世紀 曹知白雙松圖〉,《故宮文物月刊》,第223期(2001年10月),頁22-23。 &*曹知白(西元一二七二—一三五五年),華亭人。字又玄,號雲西。山水師郭熙。官崑山教諭。 雙松並立,有參天之勢。背作雜樹,漸遠漸澹,如在晨煙暮靄之中。石隙水湄,用濃墨作小樹。小大相形,遂使雙松勁挺之姿,更為突出。遠水但以淺墨畫無數橫線,直覺??Z層灘,成無盡景,真善於經營者也。論筆論墨,亦臻上乘。成於天曆二年(一三二九),為先生五十七歲作。&*Ts'ao Chih-po was a native of Hua-t'ing, Kiangsu. His style name was Yu-hsüan; his sobriquet was Yün-hsi. In his landscapes, Ts'ao Chih-po studied the work of Kuo Hsi (f1.1068-1077). Two pine trees appear to reach to the sky. In the background there are many trees gradually becoming more faint as they recede into the distance as if enveloped in evening mist. Water pours through fissures in the rocks. Small trees are limned in dark ink; large and small trees alternate, making the pines seem even more prominent. Innumerable horizontal lines in light ink indicate the distant water-bank upon bank, shoal upon shoal-creating a limitless view. In terms of both composition and brushwork, this work is outstanding. It was completed in 1329, when Ts'ao Chih-po was fifty-seven years old.