石渠寶笈續編(寧壽宮),第六冊,頁3048&*故宮書畫錄(卷四),第二冊,頁285-286&*故宮書畫圖錄,第二十一冊,頁179-182&*乾隆二十年(1755)準噶爾汗達瓦齊(Davatsi)與沙俄勾結叛亂, 在清軍夾擊下, 倉卒逃往伊犁西北格登山區(今新疆昭蘇縣)據險頑抗。 五月十四日阿玉錫(Kalmouk Ayusi)率領二十餘名蒙古騎士乘夜突襲其營地, 奮勇衝殺, 放鎗吶喊, 全營多不戰而逃。 達瓦齊南走天山, 後為烏什城主霍集斯所擒, 準噶爾內亂暫告結束。 阿玉錫立下戰功凱旋歸來, 同年七月受乾隆召見, 為表彰其功勳, 命郎世寧為他畫像, 十天畫完此卷, 此年郎氏六十七歲。 此卷後有乾隆乙亥年所書「阿玉錫歌」。 他原是蒙古準噶爾一名小吏, 雍正十一年(1733)轉向清廷投效, 乾隆十五年(1750)準噶爾來歸附的薩拉爾推薦阿玉錫善戰, 遂命為侍衛。 圖中他頭戴孔雀翎暖帽, 身著箭衣, 背掛火槍, 腰繫箭囊, 左手執韁, 右手緊握腋下長矛, 雙腿緊夾馬腹, 全速前進。 阿玉錫唇上蓄小髭, 表情專注果敢, 英姿煥發。 畫家捨去背景處理, 生動寫實表現出主角人物的外貌特徵。(林莉娜) &*1.林莉娜,〈郎世寧畫阿玉錫持矛盪寇圖〉,收入馮明珠主編,《乾隆皇帝的文化事業》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,2002年初版一刷),頁132。 2.韓北新,〈郎世寧繪畫繫年(三)〉,《故宮文物月刊》,第69期(1988年12月),頁108。 &*郎世寧(西元一六八八-一七六六年),意大利人。十九歲,入天主教耶穌會為修士。曾習油畫,兼習建築。二十七歲來華,以繪事供奉內廷,歷仕康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝。善畫人物、花鳥,尤善犬馬。阿玉錫,新疆準噶爾人,有罪應剉臂,後轉向清廷投效。高宗聞其勇敢善戰而召見,賜銀,擢侍衛。乾隆二十(一七五五年)平定伊犁時,於格登鄂拉立戰績。高宗為之作歌,七月命阿玉錫入覲,召郎世寧為之作持矛盪寇圖。 &*Lang Shih-ning was a native of Italy. At the age of nineteen he entered the Society of Jesus as a novitiate, also studying painting and architecture. When he was twenty-seven years old, he was sent to China where he was to spend the majority of his life. Lang Shih-ning was eventually summoned to the palace as a court painter, where he portrayed birds, flowers, figures, and horses. A-yü-hsi was a chieftain of the Chun-ke-erh of Sinkiang during the time of Emperor Kao-tsung (1735-1796) of the Ch’ing dynasty. He committed some offence for which he was to have an arm cut off, but escaped and submitted himself to the Ch’ing court. Hearing of his bravery, Emperor Kao-tsung summoned him, presenting him with silver and appointing him a member of the Imperial Guard. In the year 1775, the Ch’ing army suppressed the Ili of Sinkiang, a campaign in which A-yü-hsi won the great victory of Ke-teng-e-la. For this victory, Emperor Kao-tsung wrote a song and commanded Lang Shih-ning to paint the portrait of A-yü-hsi.