石渠寶笈三編(延春閣),第四冊,頁1934&*故宮書畫錄 (卷四),第二冊,頁199&*故宮書畫圖錄,第十九冊,頁165-168&*文伯仁(1502-1575),字德承,號五峰山人,江蘇蘇州人, 文徵明之姪。在文徵明的眾多子姪輩中,文伯仁是相當重要的一位傳人,善畫山水、人物,一般而論,其畫風是繼承了文徵明的綿密格局,近似元四大家之一的王蒙,巖巒鬱茂, 堆疊綿延成長軸。(註1) 此畫卷末僅署款「五峰文伯仁寫」,但無紀年。畫山中崎嶇處,欄柵環繞,群樹林立,飛泉直瀉而下。林間一童子荷鋤攜花籃行,籃內盛滿靈芝。林後小直通山頂,道人立石臺上,目視丹鼎。畫中,依然具有傳承自文徵明的雅澹秀逸風味,用筆佈墨溫和雅馴,當屬文伯仁作品中的佳構。(註2) 文伯仁對於道教主題以及烏托邦式的理想一向頗有興趣,曾不只一次地描繪 這個主題(註3)。道教是中國本土的宗教,其源頭可以溯自 (山海經)、 (楚辭) 等中國遠古的神仙傳說,以及老莊等道家思想,歷代皆有興衰起落,不過明代諸帝多頗為護持, (正統道藏)、 (萬曆續道藏)先後刊行於世; 此畫道人燒煉丹藥,或許正傳達出文士們對於清修養生的重視及長生不老境界的嚮往之情; 卷尾尚有徐渭(1521-1593)的草書跋文, 內容即是對於道術的闡釋。 (葛婉章) 註1: 徐沁, (明畫錄) , 卷三, 收錄於 (畫史叢書) (台北, 文史哲出版社, 1974 ), 第二冊,第 1159頁。 註2:王耀庭、童文娥, (長生的世界: 道教繪畫特展圖錄) (台北, 國立故宮博物院, 1996 ),彩色圖版21,第42,43頁, 圖版說明第77頁。 註3: 周芳美, (文伯仁的生平簡介和畫作贊助者), (美國紐約大學博士論文初稿, 1997 ) 。嘉靖二十九牛(1550)繪「圓嶠書屋」, 嘉靖四二年(1563)繪「方壺圖」, 嘉靖四五年(1566)繪「秋山遊覽」 , p.4,p.I4. &*1.王耀庭,〈明文伯仁丹臺春曉圖〉,收入王耀庭、童文娥編,《長生的世界:道教繪畫特展圖錄》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1996年初版),頁77。 2.葛婉章,〈帝國的回憶 國立故宮博物院瑰寶赴法展專輯二 — 文伯仁丹臺春曉圖〉,《故宮文物月刊》,第186期(1998年9月),頁44-45。 &*文伯仁(西元一五○二-一五七五年),長洲(江蘇蘇州)人。字德承,號五峰,又號葆生、攝山老農。徵明從子,善畫山水、人物,效王蒙,筆力清勁,巖巒鬱茂。享年七十四。 山中崎曲處,欄柵環繞,群樹林立,飛泉直瀉而下。林間一童子荷鋤携花籃行,籃內盛滿靈芝。林後小徑直通山頂,道人立石臺上,目視丹鼎。文伯仁畫法皆師法乃叔文徵明,以雅澹見長,此幅用筆佈墨溫和雅馴,當屬文氏作品中之佳構。 &*Brewing an Elixir for Immortality in Spring Wen Po-jen (1502-1575) Ming Dynasty Wen Po-jen, a native of Chang-chou (Soochow, Kiangsu), was a nephew of the artist Wen Cheng-ming. His style name was Te-ch’eng, and his sobriquets were Wu-feng, Pao-sheng, and She-shan lao-nung. Wen followed the style of Wang Meng (1308-1385), using clear and vigorous brushstrokes and painting landscapes with dense forests on mountains and crags. A bamboo fence encloses a rugged and winding area on a mountain in this painting. Within the scene is a cluster of trees and a spring flowing downward. A young child walks through the trees carrying a hoe and a basket full of fungi. The small path behind the trees reveals access to the mountain peak. A Taoist figure on the path stands on top of a rock looking at the cauldron in which he brews his elixir of immortality. Wen Po-jen developed his painting style, achieving success for its elegance and lightness, through instruction from his uncle Wen Cheng-ming. The brushwork and application of ink in this work are gentle and refined.